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      1 [RFC6265](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6265) Cookies and CookieJar for Node.js
      2 
      3 [![npm package](https://nodei.co/npm/tough-cookie.png?downloads=true&downloadRank=true&stars=true)](https://nodei.co/npm/tough-cookie/)
      4 
      5 [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/salesforce/tough-cookie.png?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/salesforce/tough-cookie)
      6 
      7 # Synopsis
      8 
      9 ``` javascript
     10 var tough = require('tough-cookie');
     11 var Cookie = tough.Cookie;
     12 var cookie = Cookie.parse(header);
     13 cookie.value = 'somethingdifferent';
     14 header = cookie.toString();
     15 
     16 var cookiejar = new tough.CookieJar();
     17 cookiejar.setCookie(cookie, 'http://currentdomain.example.com/path', cb);
     18 // ...
     19 cookiejar.getCookies('http://example.com/otherpath',function(err,cookies) {
     20   res.headers['cookie'] = cookies.join('; ');
     21 });
     22 ```
     23 
     24 # Installation
     25 
     26 It's _so_ easy!
     27 
     28 `npm install tough-cookie`
     29 
     30 Why the name?  NPM modules `cookie`, `cookies` and `cookiejar` were already taken.
     31 
     32 ## Version Support
     33 
     34 Support for versions of node.js will follow that of the [request](https://www.npmjs.com/package/request) module.
     35 
     36 # API
     37 
     38 ## tough
     39 
     40 Functions on the module you get from `require('tough-cookie')`.  All can be used as pure functions and don't need to be "bound".
     41 
     42 **Note**: prior to 1.0.x, several of these functions took a `strict` parameter. This has since been removed from the API as it was no longer necessary.
     43 
     44 ### `parseDate(string)`
     45 
     46 Parse a cookie date string into a `Date`.  Parses according to RFC6265 Section 5.1.1, not `Date.parse()`.
     47 
     48 ### `formatDate(date)`
     49 
     50 Format a Date into a RFC1123 string (the RFC6265-recommended format).
     51 
     52 ### `canonicalDomain(str)`
     53 
     54 Transforms a domain-name into a canonical domain-name.  The canonical domain-name is a trimmed, lowercased, stripped-of-leading-dot and optionally punycode-encoded domain-name (Section 5.1.2 of RFC6265).  For the most part, this function is idempotent (can be run again on its output without ill effects).
     55 
     56 ### `domainMatch(str,domStr[,canonicalize=true])`
     57 
     58 Answers "does this real domain match the domain in a cookie?".  The `str` is the "current" domain-name and the `domStr` is the "cookie" domain-name.  Matches according to RFC6265 Section 5.1.3, but it helps to think of it as a "suffix match".
     59 
     60 The `canonicalize` parameter will run the other two parameters through `canonicalDomain` or not.
     61 
     62 ### `defaultPath(path)`
     63 
     64 Given a current request/response path, gives the Path apropriate for storing in a cookie.  This is basically the "directory" of a "file" in the path, but is specified by Section 5.1.4 of the RFC.
     65 
     66 The `path` parameter MUST be _only_ the pathname part of a URI (i.e. excludes the hostname, query, fragment, etc.).  This is the `.pathname` property of node's `uri.parse()` output.
     67 
     68 ### `pathMatch(reqPath,cookiePath)`
     69 
     70 Answers "does the request-path path-match a given cookie-path?" as per RFC6265 Section 5.1.4.  Returns a boolean.
     71 
     72 This is essentially a prefix-match where `cookiePath` is a prefix of `reqPath`.
     73 
     74 ### `parse(cookieString[, options])`
     75 
     76 alias for `Cookie.parse(cookieString[, options])`
     77 
     78 ### `fromJSON(string)`
     79 
     80 alias for `Cookie.fromJSON(string)`
     81 
     82 ### `getPublicSuffix(hostname)`
     83 
     84 Returns the public suffix of this hostname.  The public suffix is the shortest domain-name upon which a cookie can be set.  Returns `null` if the hostname cannot have cookies set for it.
     85 
     86 For example: `www.example.com` and `www.subdomain.example.com` both have public suffix `example.com`.
     87 
     88 For further information, see http://publicsuffix.org/.  This module derives its list from that site. This call is currently a wrapper around [`psl`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/psl)'s [get() method](https://www.npmjs.com/package/psl#pslgetdomain).
     89 
     90 ### `cookieCompare(a,b)`
     91 
     92 For use with `.sort()`, sorts a list of cookies into the recommended order given in the RFC (Section 5.4 step 2). The sort algorithm is, in order of precedence:
     93 
     94 * Longest `.path`
     95 * oldest `.creation` (which has a 1ms precision, same as `Date`)
     96 * lowest `.creationIndex` (to get beyond the 1ms precision)
     97 
     98 ``` javascript
     99 var cookies = [ /* unsorted array of Cookie objects */ ];
    100 cookies = cookies.sort(cookieCompare);
    101 ```
    102 
    103 **Note**: Since JavaScript's `Date` is limited to a 1ms precision, cookies within the same milisecond are entirely possible. This is especially true when using the `now` option to `.setCookie()`. The `.creationIndex` property is a per-process global counter, assigned during construction with `new Cookie()`. This preserves the spirit of the RFC sorting: older cookies go first. This works great for `MemoryCookieStore`, since `Set-Cookie` headers are parsed in order, but may not be so great for distributed systems. Sophisticated `Store`s may wish to set this to some other _logical clock_ such that if cookies A and B are created in the same millisecond, but cookie A is created before cookie B, then `A.creationIndex < B.creationIndex`. If you want to alter the global counter, which you probably _shouldn't_ do, it's stored in `Cookie.cookiesCreated`.
    104 
    105 ### `permuteDomain(domain)`
    106 
    107 Generates a list of all possible domains that `domainMatch()` the parameter.  May be handy for implementing cookie stores.
    108 
    109 ### `permutePath(path)`
    110 
    111 Generates a list of all possible paths that `pathMatch()` the parameter.  May be handy for implementing cookie stores.
    112 
    113 
    114 ## Cookie
    115 
    116 Exported via `tough.Cookie`.
    117 
    118 ### `Cookie.parse(cookieString[, options])`
    119 
    120 Parses a single Cookie or Set-Cookie HTTP header into a `Cookie` object.  Returns `undefined` if the string can't be parsed.
    121 
    122 The options parameter is not required and currently has only one property:
    123 
    124   * _loose_ - boolean - if `true` enable parsing of key-less cookies like `=abc` and `=`, which are not RFC-compliant.
    125 
    126 If options is not an object, it is ignored, which means you can use `Array#map` with it.
    127 
    128 Here's how to process the Set-Cookie header(s) on a node HTTP/HTTPS response:
    129 
    130 ``` javascript
    131 if (res.headers['set-cookie'] instanceof Array)
    132   cookies = res.headers['set-cookie'].map(Cookie.parse);
    133 else
    134   cookies = [Cookie.parse(res.headers['set-cookie'])];
    135 ```
    136 
    137 _Note:_ in version 2.3.3, tough-cookie limited the number of spaces before the `=` to 256 characters. This limitation has since been removed.
    138 See [Issue 92](https://github.com/salesforce/tough-cookie/issues/92)
    139 
    140 ### Properties
    141 
    142 Cookie object properties:
    143 
    144   * _key_ - string - the name or key of the cookie (default "")
    145   * _value_ - string - the value of the cookie (default "")
    146   * _expires_ - `Date` - if set, the `Expires=` attribute of the cookie (defaults to the string `"Infinity"`). See `setExpires()`
    147   * _maxAge_ - seconds - if set, the `Max-Age=` attribute _in seconds_ of the cookie.  May also be set to strings `"Infinity"` and `"-Infinity"` for non-expiry and immediate-expiry, respectively.  See `setMaxAge()`
    148   * _domain_ - string - the `Domain=` attribute of the cookie
    149   * _path_ - string - the `Path=` of the cookie
    150   * _secure_ - boolean - the `Secure` cookie flag
    151   * _httpOnly_ - boolean - the `HttpOnly` cookie flag
    152   * _extensions_ - `Array` - any unrecognized cookie attributes as strings (even if equal-signs inside)
    153   * _creation_ - `Date` - when this cookie was constructed
    154   * _creationIndex_ - number - set at construction, used to provide greater sort precision (please see `cookieCompare(a,b)` for a full explanation)
    155 
    156 After a cookie has been passed through `CookieJar.setCookie()` it will have the following additional attributes:
    157 
    158   * _hostOnly_ - boolean - is this a host-only cookie (i.e. no Domain field was set, but was instead implied)
    159   * _pathIsDefault_ - boolean - if true, there was no Path field on the cookie and `defaultPath()` was used to derive one.
    160   * _creation_ - `Date` - **modified** from construction to when the cookie was added to the jar
    161   * _lastAccessed_ - `Date` - last time the cookie got accessed. Will affect cookie cleaning once implemented.  Using `cookiejar.getCookies(...)` will update this attribute.
    162 
    163 ### `Cookie([{properties}])`
    164 
    165 Receives an options object that can contain any of the above Cookie properties, uses the default for unspecified properties.
    166 
    167 ### `.toString()`
    168 
    169 encode to a Set-Cookie header value.  The Expires cookie field is set using `formatDate()`, but is omitted entirely if `.expires` is `Infinity`.
    170 
    171 ### `.cookieString()`
    172 
    173 encode to a Cookie header value (i.e. the `.key` and `.value` properties joined with '=').
    174 
    175 ### `.setExpires(String)`
    176 
    177 sets the expiry based on a date-string passed through `parseDate()`.  If parseDate returns `null` (i.e. can't parse this date string), `.expires` is set to `"Infinity"` (a string) is set.
    178 
    179 ### `.setMaxAge(number)`
    180 
    181 sets the maxAge in seconds.  Coerces `-Infinity` to `"-Infinity"` and `Infinity` to `"Infinity"` so it JSON serializes correctly.
    182 
    183 ### `.expiryTime([now=Date.now()])`
    184 
    185 ### `.expiryDate([now=Date.now()])`
    186 
    187 expiryTime() Computes the absolute unix-epoch milliseconds that this cookie expires. expiryDate() works similarly, except it returns a `Date` object.  Note that in both cases the `now` parameter should be milliseconds.
    188 
    189 Max-Age takes precedence over Expires (as per the RFC). The `.creation` attribute -- or, by default, the `now` parameter -- is used to offset the `.maxAge` attribute.
    190 
    191 If Expires (`.expires`) is set, that's returned.
    192 
    193 Otherwise, `expiryTime()` returns `Infinity` and `expiryDate()` returns a `Date` object for "Tue, 19 Jan 2038 03:14:07 GMT" (latest date that can be expressed by a 32-bit `time_t`; the common limit for most user-agents).
    194 
    195 ### `.TTL([now=Date.now()])`
    196 
    197 compute the TTL relative to `now` (milliseconds).  The same precedence rules as for `expiryTime`/`expiryDate` apply.
    198 
    199 The "number" `Infinity` is returned for cookies without an explicit expiry and `0` is returned if the cookie is expired.  Otherwise a time-to-live in milliseconds is returned.
    200 
    201 ### `.canonicalizedDomain()`
    202 
    203 ### `.cdomain()`
    204 
    205 return the canonicalized `.domain` field.  This is lower-cased and punycode (RFC3490) encoded if the domain has any non-ASCII characters.
    206 
    207 ### `.toJSON()`
    208 
    209 For convenience in using `JSON.serialize(cookie)`. Returns a plain-old `Object` that can be JSON-serialized.
    210 
    211 Any `Date` properties (i.e., `.expires`, `.creation`, and `.lastAccessed`) are exported in ISO format (`.toISOString()`).
    212 
    213 **NOTE**: Custom `Cookie` properties will be discarded. In tough-cookie 1.x, since there was no `.toJSON` method explicitly defined, all enumerable properties were captured. If you want a property to be serialized, add the property name to the `Cookie.serializableProperties` Array.
    214 
    215 ### `Cookie.fromJSON(strOrObj)`
    216 
    217 Does the reverse of `cookie.toJSON()`. If passed a string, will `JSON.parse()` that first.
    218 
    219 Any `Date` properties (i.e., `.expires`, `.creation`, and `.lastAccessed`) are parsed via `Date.parse()`, not the tough-cookie `parseDate`, since it's JavaScript/JSON-y timestamps being handled at this layer.
    220 
    221 Returns `null` upon JSON parsing error.
    222 
    223 ### `.clone()`
    224 
    225 Does a deep clone of this cookie, exactly implemented as `Cookie.fromJSON(cookie.toJSON())`.
    226 
    227 ### `.validate()`
    228 
    229 Status: *IN PROGRESS*. Works for a few things, but is by no means comprehensive.
    230 
    231 validates cookie attributes for semantic correctness.  Useful for "lint" checking any Set-Cookie headers you generate.  For now, it returns a boolean, but eventually could return a reason string -- you can future-proof with this construct:
    232 
    233 ``` javascript
    234 if (cookie.validate() === true) {
    235   // it's tasty
    236 } else {
    237   // yuck!
    238 }
    239 ```
    240 
    241 
    242 ## CookieJar
    243 
    244 Exported via `tough.CookieJar`.
    245 
    246 ### `CookieJar([store],[options])`
    247 
    248 Simply use `new CookieJar()`.  If you'd like to use a custom store, pass that to the constructor otherwise a `MemoryCookieStore` will be created and used.
    249 
    250 The `options` object can be omitted and can have the following properties:
    251 
    252   * _rejectPublicSuffixes_ - boolean - default `true` - reject cookies with domains like "com" and "co.uk"
    253   * _looseMode_ - boolean - default `false` - accept malformed cookies like `bar` and `=bar`, which have an implied empty name.
    254     This is not in the standard, but is used sometimes on the web and is accepted by (most) browsers.
    255 
    256 Since eventually this module would like to support database/remote/etc. CookieJars, continuation passing style is used for CookieJar methods.
    257 
    258 ### `.setCookie(cookieOrString, currentUrl, [{options},] cb(err,cookie))`
    259 
    260 Attempt to set the cookie in the cookie jar.  If the operation fails, an error will be given to the callback `cb`, otherwise the cookie is passed through.  The cookie will have updated `.creation`, `.lastAccessed` and `.hostOnly` properties.
    261 
    262 The `options` object can be omitted and can have the following properties:
    263 
    264   * _http_ - boolean - default `true` - indicates if this is an HTTP or non-HTTP API.  Affects HttpOnly cookies.
    265   * _secure_ - boolean - autodetect from url - indicates if this is a "Secure" API.  If the currentUrl starts with `https:` or `wss:` then this is defaulted to `true`, otherwise `false`.
    266   * _now_ - Date - default `new Date()` - what to use for the creation/access time of cookies
    267   * _ignoreError_ - boolean - default `false` - silently ignore things like parse errors and invalid domains.  `Store` errors aren't ignored by this option.
    268 
    269 As per the RFC, the `.hostOnly` property is set if there was no "Domain=" parameter in the cookie string (or `.domain` was null on the Cookie object).  The `.domain` property is set to the fully-qualified hostname of `currentUrl` in this case.  Matching this cookie requires an exact hostname match (not a `domainMatch` as per usual).
    270 
    271 ### `.setCookieSync(cookieOrString, currentUrl, [{options}])`
    272 
    273 Synchronous version of `setCookie`; only works with synchronous stores (e.g. the default `MemoryCookieStore`).
    274 
    275 ### `.getCookies(currentUrl, [{options},] cb(err,cookies))`
    276 
    277 Retrieve the list of cookies that can be sent in a Cookie header for the current url.
    278 
    279 If an error is encountered, that's passed as `err` to the callback, otherwise an `Array` of `Cookie` objects is passed.  The array is sorted with `cookieCompare()` unless the `{sort:false}` option is given.
    280 
    281 The `options` object can be omitted and can have the following properties:
    282 
    283   * _http_ - boolean - default `true` - indicates if this is an HTTP or non-HTTP API.  Affects HttpOnly cookies.
    284   * _secure_ - boolean - autodetect from url - indicates if this is a "Secure" API.  If the currentUrl starts with `https:` or `wss:` then this is defaulted to `true`, otherwise `false`.
    285   * _now_ - Date - default `new Date()` - what to use for the creation/access time of cookies
    286   * _expire_ - boolean - default `true` - perform expiry-time checking of cookies and asynchronously remove expired cookies from the store.  Using `false` will return expired cookies and **not** remove them from the store (which is useful for replaying Set-Cookie headers, potentially).
    287   * _allPaths_ - boolean - default `false` - if `true`, do not scope cookies by path. The default uses RFC-compliant path scoping. **Note**: may not be supported by the underlying store (the default `MemoryCookieStore` supports it).
    288 
    289 The `.lastAccessed` property of the returned cookies will have been updated.
    290 
    291 ### `.getCookiesSync(currentUrl, [{options}])`
    292 
    293 Synchronous version of `getCookies`; only works with synchronous stores (e.g. the default `MemoryCookieStore`).
    294 
    295 ### `.getCookieString(...)`
    296 
    297 Accepts the same options as `.getCookies()` but passes a string suitable for a Cookie header rather than an array to the callback.  Simply maps the `Cookie` array via `.cookieString()`.
    298 
    299 ### `.getCookieStringSync(...)`
    300 
    301 Synchronous version of `getCookieString`; only works with synchronous stores (e.g. the default `MemoryCookieStore`).
    302 
    303 ### `.getSetCookieStrings(...)`
    304 
    305 Returns an array of strings suitable for **Set-Cookie** headers. Accepts the same options as `.getCookies()`.  Simply maps the cookie array via `.toString()`.
    306 
    307 ### `.getSetCookieStringsSync(...)`
    308 
    309 Synchronous version of `getSetCookieStrings`; only works with synchronous stores (e.g. the default `MemoryCookieStore`).
    310 
    311 ### `.serialize(cb(err,serializedObject))`
    312 
    313 Serialize the Jar if the underlying store supports `.getAllCookies`.
    314 
    315 **NOTE**: Custom `Cookie` properties will be discarded. If you want a property to be serialized, add the property name to the `Cookie.serializableProperties` Array.
    316 
    317 See [Serialization Format].
    318 
    319 ### `.serializeSync()`
    320 
    321 Sync version of .serialize
    322 
    323 ### `.toJSON()`
    324 
    325 Alias of .serializeSync() for the convenience of `JSON.stringify(cookiejar)`.
    326 
    327 ### `CookieJar.deserialize(serialized, [store], cb(err,object))`
    328 
    329 A new Jar is created and the serialized Cookies are added to the underlying store. Each `Cookie` is added via `store.putCookie` in the order in which they appear in the serialization.
    330 
    331 The `store` argument is optional, but should be an instance of `Store`. By default, a new instance of `MemoryCookieStore` is created.
    332 
    333 As a convenience, if `serialized` is a string, it is passed through `JSON.parse` first. If that throws an error, this is passed to the callback.
    334 
    335 ### `CookieJar.deserializeSync(serialized, [store])`
    336 
    337 Sync version of `.deserialize`.  _Note_ that the `store` must be synchronous for this to work.
    338 
    339 ### `CookieJar.fromJSON(string)`
    340 
    341 Alias of `.deserializeSync` to provide consistency with `Cookie.fromJSON()`.
    342 
    343 ### `.clone([store,]cb(err,newJar))`
    344 
    345 Produces a deep clone of this jar. Modifications to the original won't affect the clone, and vice versa.
    346 
    347 The `store` argument is optional, but should be an instance of `Store`. By default, a new instance of `MemoryCookieStore` is created. Transferring between store types is supported so long as the source implements `.getAllCookies()` and the destination implements `.putCookie()`.
    348 
    349 ### `.cloneSync([store])`
    350 
    351 Synchronous version of `.clone`, returning a new `CookieJar` instance.
    352 
    353 The `store` argument is optional, but must be a _synchronous_ `Store` instance if specified. If not passed, a new instance of `MemoryCookieStore` is used.
    354 
    355 The _source_ and _destination_ must both be synchronous `Store`s. If one or both stores are asynchronous, use `.clone` instead. Recall that `MemoryCookieStore` supports both synchronous and asynchronous API calls.
    356 
    357 ### `.removeAllCookies(cb(err))`
    358 
    359 Removes all cookies from the jar.
    360 
    361 This is a new backwards-compatible feature of `tough-cookie` version 2.5, so not all Stores will implement it efficiently. For Stores that do not implement `removeAllCookies`, the fallback is to call `removeCookie` after `getAllCookies`. If `getAllCookies` fails or isn't implemented in the Store, that error is returned. If one or more of the `removeCookie` calls fail, only the first error is returned.
    362 
    363 ### `.removeAllCookiesSync()`
    364 
    365 Sync version of `.removeAllCookies()`
    366 
    367 ## Store
    368 
    369 Base class for CookieJar stores. Available as `tough.Store`.
    370 
    371 ## Store API
    372 
    373 The storage model for each `CookieJar` instance can be replaced with a custom implementation.  The default is `MemoryCookieStore` which can be found in the `lib/memstore.js` file.  The API uses continuation-passing-style to allow for asynchronous stores.
    374 
    375 Stores should inherit from the base `Store` class, which is available as `require('tough-cookie').Store`.
    376 
    377 Stores are asynchronous by default, but if `store.synchronous` is set to `true`, then the `*Sync` methods on the of the containing `CookieJar` can be used (however, the continuation-passing style
    378 
    379 All `domain` parameters will have been normalized before calling.
    380 
    381 The Cookie store must have all of the following methods.
    382 
    383 ### `store.findCookie(domain, path, key, cb(err,cookie))`
    384 
    385 Retrieve a cookie with the given domain, path and key (a.k.a. name).  The RFC maintains that exactly one of these cookies should exist in a store.  If the store is using versioning, this means that the latest/newest such cookie should be returned.
    386 
    387 Callback takes an error and the resulting `Cookie` object.  If no cookie is found then `null` MUST be passed instead (i.e. not an error).
    388 
    389 ### `store.findCookies(domain, path, cb(err,cookies))`
    390 
    391 Locates cookies matching the given domain and path.  This is most often called in the context of `cookiejar.getCookies()` above.
    392 
    393 If no cookies are found, the callback MUST be passed an empty array.
    394 
    395 The resulting list will be checked for applicability to the current request according to the RFC (domain-match, path-match, http-only-flag, secure-flag, expiry, etc.), so it's OK to use an optimistic search algorithm when implementing this method.  However, the search algorithm used SHOULD try to find cookies that `domainMatch()` the domain and `pathMatch()` the path in order to limit the amount of checking that needs to be done.
    396 
    397 As of version 0.9.12, the `allPaths` option to `cookiejar.getCookies()` above will cause the path here to be `null`.  If the path is `null`, path-matching MUST NOT be performed (i.e. domain-matching only).
    398 
    399 ### `store.putCookie(cookie, cb(err))`
    400 
    401 Adds a new cookie to the store.  The implementation SHOULD replace any existing cookie with the same `.domain`, `.path`, and `.key` properties -- depending on the nature of the implementation, it's possible that between the call to `fetchCookie` and `putCookie` that a duplicate `putCookie` can occur.
    402 
    403 The `cookie` object MUST NOT be modified; the caller will have already updated the `.creation` and `.lastAccessed` properties.
    404 
    405 Pass an error if the cookie cannot be stored.
    406 
    407 ### `store.updateCookie(oldCookie, newCookie, cb(err))`
    408 
    409 Update an existing cookie.  The implementation MUST update the `.value` for a cookie with the same `domain`, `.path` and `.key`.  The implementation SHOULD check that the old value in the store is equivalent to `oldCookie` - how the conflict is resolved is up to the store.
    410 
    411 The `.lastAccessed` property will always be different between the two objects (to the precision possible via JavaScript's clock).  Both `.creation` and `.creationIndex` are guaranteed to be the same.  Stores MAY ignore or defer the `.lastAccessed` change at the cost of affecting how cookies are selected for automatic deletion (e.g., least-recently-used, which is up to the store to implement).
    412 
    413 Stores may wish to optimize changing the `.value` of the cookie in the store versus storing a new cookie.  If the implementation doesn't define this method a stub that calls `putCookie(newCookie,cb)` will be added to the store object.
    414 
    415 The `newCookie` and `oldCookie` objects MUST NOT be modified.
    416 
    417 Pass an error if the newCookie cannot be stored.
    418 
    419 ### `store.removeCookie(domain, path, key, cb(err))`
    420 
    421 Remove a cookie from the store (see notes on `findCookie` about the uniqueness constraint).
    422 
    423 The implementation MUST NOT pass an error if the cookie doesn't exist; only pass an error due to the failure to remove an existing cookie.
    424 
    425 ### `store.removeCookies(domain, path, cb(err))`
    426 
    427 Removes matching cookies from the store.  The `path` parameter is optional, and if missing means all paths in a domain should be removed.
    428 
    429 Pass an error ONLY if removing any existing cookies failed.
    430 
    431 ### `store.removeAllCookies(cb(err))`
    432 
    433 _Optional_. Removes all cookies from the store.
    434 
    435 Pass an error if one or more cookies can't be removed.
    436 
    437 **Note**: New method as of `tough-cookie` version 2.5, so not all Stores will implement this, plus some stores may choose not to implement this.
    438 
    439 ### `store.getAllCookies(cb(err, cookies))`
    440 
    441 _Optional_. Produces an `Array` of all cookies during `jar.serialize()`. The items in the array can be true `Cookie` objects or generic `Object`s with the [Serialization Format] data structure.
    442 
    443 Cookies SHOULD be returned in creation order to preserve sorting via `compareCookies()`. For reference, `MemoryCookieStore` will sort by `.creationIndex` since it uses true `Cookie` objects internally. If you don't return the cookies in creation order, they'll still be sorted by creation time, but this only has a precision of 1ms.  See `compareCookies` for more detail.
    444 
    445 Pass an error if retrieval fails.
    446 
    447 **Note**: not all Stores can implement this due to technical limitations, so it is optional.
    448 
    449 ## MemoryCookieStore
    450 
    451 Inherits from `Store`.
    452 
    453 A just-in-memory CookieJar synchronous store implementation, used by default. Despite being a synchronous implementation, it's usable with both the synchronous and asynchronous forms of the `CookieJar` API. Supports serialization, `getAllCookies`, and `removeAllCookies`.
    454 
    455 ## Community Cookie Stores
    456 
    457 These are some Store implementations authored and maintained by the community. They aren't official and we don't vouch for them but you may be interested to have a look:
    458 
    459 - [`db-cookie-store`](https://github.com/JSBizon/db-cookie-store): SQL including SQLite-based databases
    460 - [`file-cookie-store`](https://github.com/JSBizon/file-cookie-store): Netscape cookie file format on disk
    461 - [`redis-cookie-store`](https://github.com/benkroeger/redis-cookie-store): Redis
    462 - [`tough-cookie-filestore`](https://github.com/mitsuru/tough-cookie-filestore): JSON on disk
    463 - [`tough-cookie-web-storage-store`](https://github.com/exponentjs/tough-cookie-web-storage-store): DOM localStorage and sessionStorage
    464 
    465 
    466 # Serialization Format
    467 
    468 **NOTE**: if you want to have custom `Cookie` properties serialized, add the property name to `Cookie.serializableProperties`.
    469 
    470 ```js
    471   {
    472     // The version of tough-cookie that serialized this jar.
    473     version: 'tough-cookie@1.x.y',
    474 
    475     // add the store type, to make humans happy:
    476     storeType: 'MemoryCookieStore',
    477 
    478     // CookieJar configuration:
    479     rejectPublicSuffixes: true,
    480     // ... future items go here
    481 
    482     // Gets filled from jar.store.getAllCookies():
    483     cookies: [
    484       {
    485         key: 'string',
    486         value: 'string',
    487         // ...
    488         /* other Cookie.serializableProperties go here */
    489       }
    490     ]
    491   }
    492 ```
    493 
    494 # Copyright and License
    495 
    496 BSD-3-Clause:
    497 
    498 ```text
    499  Copyright (c) 2015, Salesforce.com, Inc.
    500  All rights reserved.
    501 
    502  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
    503  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
    504 
    505  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
    506  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
    507 
    508  2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
    509  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
    510  and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
    511 
    512  3. Neither the name of Salesforce.com nor the names of its contributors may
    513  be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
    514  specific prior written permission.
    515 
    516  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
    517  AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
    518  IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
    519  ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
    520  LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
    521  CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
    522  SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
    523  INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
    524  CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
    525  ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
    526  POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
    527 ```